C Language Graphical User Interface (GUI) Tutorial319

In this tutorial, we will learn how to create a simple graphical user interface (GUI) in C using the GTK+ library. GTK+ is a cross-platform GUI library that is used to create GUIs for applications on a variety of operating systems, including Linux, Windows, and macOS.

Prerequisites

To follow this tutorial, you will need the following:* A C compiler
* The GTK+ library
* A text editor

Installing GTK+

If you do not already have GTK+ installed, you can download it from the GTK+ website. Once you have downloaded GTK+, you can install it by following the instructions in the installation guide.

Creating a New Project

To create a new GTK+ project, open your text editor and create a new file. Save the file with a .c extension, such as "gui.c".

Including the Necessary Headers

The first step is to include the necessary headers. In this case, we will need to include the GTK+ header and the header for the standard C library.```c
#include
#include
```

Defining the Main Function

The main function is the entry point for any C program. In this case, we will use the main function to create the GUI.```c
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
// Initialize GTK+
gtk_init(&argc, &argv);
// Create a new window
GtkWidget *window = gtk_window_new(GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL);
// Set the window's title
gtk_window_set_title(GTK_WINDOW(window), "My GUI");
// Set the window's size
gtk_window_set_default_size(GTK_WINDOW(window), 300, 200);
// Show the window
gtk_widget_show(window);
// Start the GTK+ main loop
gtk_main();
// Return 0 to indicate that the program ran successfully
return 0;
}
```

Compiling and Running the Program

Once you have written the code, you can compile and run the program. To do this, open a terminal window and enter the following command:```
gcc gui.c -o gui
```

This will compile the program and create an executable file named "gui". You can then run the program by entering the following command:```
./gui
```

This will start the GTK+ main loop and display the GUI.

Adding Widgets

Widgets are the building blocks of a GUI. They are used to create the various elements of the GUI, such as buttons, labels, and menus.

To add a widget to the GUI, you can use the gtk_widget_add() function. This function takes two arguments: the parent widget and the widget to be added.```c
// Create a new button
GtkWidget *button = gtk_button_new_with_label("Click Me");
// Add the button to the window
gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(window), button);
```

This code will create a new button with the label "Click Me" and add it to the window.

Handling Events

When a user interacts with a widget, such as clicking on a button, a signal is emitted. You can handle these signals by connecting them to a callback function.

To connect a callback function to a signal, you can use the gtk_signal_connect() function. This function takes three arguments: the widget, the signal name, and the callback function.```c
// Connect the button's clicked signal to a callback function
g_signal_connect(button, "clicked", G_CALLBACK(button_clicked), NULL);
// The callback function
void button_clicked(GtkWidget *button, gpointer data) {
// Do something when the button is clicked
}
```

This code will connect the button's clicked signal to the button_clicked() callback function.

2024-12-02

Previous：How to Design Eyebrow Cuts: A Video Tutorial

Next：Tutorial for Prodigy Musicians