C Programming Tutorial: Experiment Answers and Explanations231

This comprehensive guide provides solutions and detailed explanations for common C programming experiments, often assigned in introductory courses. Understanding these solutions is crucial for solidifying your grasp of fundamental C concepts. We'll cover a variety of exercises, focusing on clear code, efficient algorithms, and best practices. Remember, simply copying and pasting these answers won't help you learn. Take the time to understand the *why* behind each line of code. Use these solutions as a learning tool, comparing your own attempts and identifying areas where you can improve.

Experiment 1: Hello, World! and Variable Manipulation

This seemingly simple experiment is the cornerstone of any C programming journey. It introduces basic syntax and variable usage. The task is typically to print "Hello, World!" to the console and then declare and initialize variables of different data types (integer, float, character), perform basic arithmetic operations, and print the results.
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
printf("Hello, World!");
int age = 30;
float price = 99.99;
char initial = 'J';
printf("Age: %d", age);
printf("Price: %.2f", price);
printf("Initial: %c", initial);
int sum = age + 10;
printf("Sum: %d", sum);
return 0;
}

Explanation: The `#include ` line includes the standard input/output library, necessary for using functions like `printf`. `main()` is the entry point of the program. `printf()` is used to display output to the console. `%d`, `%.2f`, and `%c` are format specifiers for integers, floating-point numbers (with two decimal places), and characters, respectively. The program demonstrates variable declaration, initialization, and basic arithmetic.

Experiment 2: Conditional Statements (if-else)

This experiment introduces conditional logic, allowing the program to make decisions based on certain conditions. A typical task might involve checking if a number is even or odd, positive or negative, or determining the largest of three numbers.
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int num;
printf("Enter a number: ");
scanf("%d", &num);
if (num % 2 == 0) {
printf("%d is even.", num);
} else {
printf("%d is odd.", num);
}
return 0;
}

Explanation: `scanf()` reads input from the user. The modulo operator (`%`) gives the remainder of a division. If the remainder when dividing by 2 is 0, the number is even; otherwise, it's odd. This demonstrates the use of `if-else` statements for conditional execution.

Experiment 3: Loops (for and while)

Loops allow repetitive execution of code blocks. Common experiments involve printing numbers from 1 to N, calculating the factorial of a number, or summing a series.
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int n, i, factorial = 1;
printf("Enter a positive integer: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
for (i = 1; i

2025-04-04

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