C Programming Tutorial: Solutions to Common Exercises141

Welcome back, programming enthusiasts! Today, we're diving deep into the world of C programming, tackling some common exercises you might encounter in a typical introductory course. This post serves as a comprehensive guide, providing solutions and explanations for a range of problems, from simple input/output operations to more complex algorithms. Remember, the key to mastering C lies not just in understanding the solutions, but in thoroughly understanding the *why* behind each step. So let's get started!

Exercise 1: Hello, World! (And Variations)

The quintessential first program. While seemingly trivial, this exercise introduces fundamental concepts like the `main` function, header files (`stdio.h`), and the `printf` function for output. Here's the basic solution:```c
#include
int main() {
printf("Hello, World!");
return 0;
}
```

Variations might ask you to modify the output, perhaps including your name or the current date/time. Using `printf`'s format specifiers (like `%s` for strings and `%d` for integers) allows for dynamic output.

Exercise 2: Basic Arithmetic Operations

This exercise usually involves taking user input (using `scanf`) for two numbers, performing basic arithmetic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division), and displaying the results. Here's a sample solution:```c
#include
int main() {
int num1, num2;
printf("Enter two integers: ");
scanf("%d %d", &num1, &num2);
printf("Sum: %d", num1 + num2);
printf("Difference: %d", num1 - num2);
printf("Product: %d", num1 * num2);
if (num2 != 0) {
printf("Quotient: %.2f", (float)num1 / num2); // Note the type casting for floating-point division
} else {
printf("Cannot divide by zero!");
}
return 0;
}
```

This example highlights important considerations: error handling (division by zero), and type casting to ensure accurate floating-point division.

Exercise 3: Calculating the Area of Different Shapes

This problem tests your understanding of conditional statements (`if-else`) and mathematical formulas. You might be asked to calculate the area of a rectangle, circle, or triangle based on user input. A solution incorporating `if-else` for selecting the shape type:```c
#include
#include //For using M_PI
int main() {
int choice;
float area;
printf("Select shape:1. Rectangle2. Circle3. TriangleEnter your choice: ");
scanf("%d", &choice);
if (choice == 1) {
float length, width;
printf("Enter length and width: ");
scanf("%f %f", &length, &width);
area = length * width;
} else if (choice == 2) {
float radius;
printf("Enter radius: ");
scanf("%f", &radius);
area = M_PI * radius * radius;
} else if (choice == 3) {
float base, height;
printf("Enter base and height: ");
scanf("%f %f", &base, &height);
area = 0.5 * base * height;
} else {
printf("Invalid choice.");
return 1; // Indicate an error
}
printf("Area: %.2f", area);
return 0;
}
```

This demonstrates how to structure code using `if-else` for handling multiple cases.

Exercise 4: Loops and Iterations (e.g., Factorial Calculation)

This exercise often involves using loops (`for` or `while`) to perform repetitive tasks. Calculating a factorial is a common example:```c
#include
int main() {
int n, i;
long long factorial = 1; // Use long long to handle larger factorials
printf("Enter a non-negative integer: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
if (n < 0) {
printf("Factorial is not defined for negative numbers.");
} else {
for (i = 1; i

2025-04-06

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