What Is Intellectual Disability?73

Intellectual disability (ID) is a disability characterized by significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior, which covers a range of everyday social and practical skills. This disability originates before the age of 18.

ID is diagnosed based on an IQ test score that falls below 70 and an assessment of adaptive behavior. The severity of ID is classified as mild, moderate, severe, or profound. People with ID may have difficulty with communication, self-care, social interaction, and learning.

Causes of Intellectual Disability

The causes of ID are varied and can include:* Genetic disorders, such as Down syndrome and Fragile X syndrome
* Birth defects, such as spina bifida and cerebral palsy
* Prenatal infections, such as rubella and toxoplasmosis
* Environmental factors, such as exposure to lead or other toxins
* Unknown causes

Symptoms of Intellectual Disability

The symptoms of ID can vary depending on the severity of the disability. Some common symptoms include:* Difficulty with communication, such as understanding and using language
* Difficulty with self-care, such as dressing, bathing, and eating
* Difficulty with social interaction, such as making friends and understanding social cues
* Difficulty with learning, such as reading, writing, and math
* Other problems, such as seizures, behavioral problems, and mental health issues

Diagnosis of Intellectual Disability

ID is diagnosed based on an IQ test score that falls below 70 and an assessment of adaptive behavior. The IQ test measures intellectual functioning, while the adaptive behavior assessment measures everyday social and practical skills. The severity of ID is classified as mild, moderate, severe, or profound.

Treatment for Intellectual Disability

There is no cure for ID, but there are a variety of treatments that can help people with ID live full and productive lives. These treatments may include:* Special education
* Speech therapy
* Occupational therapy
* Physical therapy
* Behavioral therapy
* Medication

Prognosis for Intellectual Disability

The prognosis for people with ID varies depending on the severity of the disability. With early intervention and appropriate treatment, people with mild ID can live independently and work in supported employment. People with moderate to severe ID may need more support, such as living in a group home or attending a day program.

Intellectual Disability and the Law

There are a number of laws that protect the rights of people with ID. These laws include:* The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
* The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
* The Rehabilitation Act of 1973
These laws ensure that people with ID have access to education, employment, and other opportunities.

2024-11-25

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