Linux Network Programming Tutorial275

In this tutorial, we will go through the basics of network programming in Linux. We will cover concepts such as sockets, address families, protocols, and client-server models. By the end of this tutorial, you will have a solid understanding of how to write network programs in Linux.

Sockets

A socket is an endpoint of a bidirectional communication channel. In Linux, sockets are represented by file descriptors. We can create a socket using the socket() system call. The socket() function takes three arguments: address family, socket type, and protocol.```c
int socket(int domain, int type, int protocol);
```
* address family specifies the address family of the socket. The most common address families are AF_INET (IPv4) and AF_INET6 (IPv6).
* socket type specifies the type of socket. The most common socket types are SOCK_STREAM (TCP) and SOCK_DGRAM (UDP).
* protocol specifies the protocol to use. For TCP, the protocol is IPPROTO_TCP. For UDP, the protocol is IPPROTO_UDP.

Address Families

An address family defines the format of the address used in a socket. The most common address families are AF_INET and AF_INET6.| Address Family | Address Format |
|---|---|
| AF_INET | 32-bit IPv4 address |
| AF_INET6 | 128-bit IPv6 address |

Protocols

A protocol defines the rules and procedures for communication between two or more devices. The most common protocols are TCP and UDP.| Protocol | Description |
|---|---|
| TCP | Transmission Control Protocol. TCP is a reliable, stream-oriented protocol. It guarantees that data will be delivered in the correct order and without errors. |
| UDP | User Datagram Protocol. UDP is an unreliable, datagram-oriented protocol. It does not guarantee that data will be delivered in the correct order or without errors. |

Client-Server Models

There are two main client-server models: request-response and publish-subscribe.* Request-response model: In the request-response model, a client sends a request to a server and waits for a response. The server processes the request and sends back a response.
* Publish-subscribe model: In the publish-subscribe model, clients subscribe to a topic. When a server publishes a message to a topic, all clients that are subscribed to that topic will receive the message.

Creating a TCP Server

To create a TCP server, we need to follow these steps:1. Create a socket using the socket() system call.
2. Bind the socket to a port using the bind() system call.
3. Listen for incoming connections using the listen() system call.
4. Accept incoming connections using the accept() system call.
5. Communicate with the client using the read() and write() system calls.

Creating a TCP Client

To create a TCP client, we need to follow these steps:1. Create a socket using the socket() system call.
2. Connect to the server using the connect() system call.
3. Communicate with the server using the read() and write() system calls.

Conclusion

In this tutorial, we have covered the basics of network programming in Linux. We have learned about sockets, address families, protocols, and client-server models. We have also seen how to create a TCP server and a TCP client. With this knowledge, you can now start writing your own network programs in Linux.

2024-11-23

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